System was invented in Germany in 1936. ABS is a system that helps shorten braking distance and secure proper vehicle operation by preventing wheel locking in slippery road conditions through control of the brake fluid pressure.

           The wheels can lock and the car slide when the driver applies the brake in a vehicle without ABS. When braking causes the wheels to completely lock and the car to slide a long distance, braking distance increases far beyond that of braking under ordinary conditions. What is more serious is that the driver can lose the ability to steer the vehicle in the desired direction, putting the driver in danger. ABS automatically controls the brake fluid pressure, prevents wheel locking, shortens braking distance under various road conditions, and facilitates control of the steering. However, this should not be used to justify driving above safe speeds because the system cannot overcome the physical rules of nature.

           Automobile producers search for the ways to increase power of motor and to minimize the loss which is results from air resistance. Aerodynamics is the science about power effect of air.

           Bi Xenon lamps are the most technological lamps used recently. The name of Bi Xenon is given, because two different xenon lamps are used for short distance lamp and long distance lamp. Wavelength of xenon lamps and its blue like colour looks like very similar to sunlight and it does not irritate the eyes of the driver coming from the opposite direction and its reflection is very low. Light coming from inside of xenon gas passes through 70 mm moving lens and creates effect of wide and long distance “distant headlight”. It is recommended to establish headlight washing system to the automobiles that xenon lamps are installed. It is because, it is broken down more frequently compared to halogen lamps and illumination weakens. In the case of getting out of order, the whole system must be changed. In classic systems changing lamp is enough.

           It is an injection system used in new generation diesel engines. This system is comprised of high pressure fuel pump, metal fuel pipes from here to cylinders, piezoelectric controlled injectors which let entry of fuel already waiting to be injected with high pressure to combustion boxes and control computers which send orders to these injectors. The reason why the system is called Common Rail is this: from pumps to cylinder fuel is always preserved under high pressure (1500 bar). Injectors which inject the fuel to cylinder can easily provide different amounts of fuel with motor control program and in different load occasions, because they are controlled electronically. High pressure injected fuel means better combustion and less unburned waste, which is the desired outcome.

           This system works more quiet compared to previous systems. Brands like HYUNDAI, Toyota, Nissan, and Honda use CRDI engines.

           This is the system providing the driver to take foot off the accelerator. In this system, if the driver wants to drive automobile with any constant speed he/she pushes the button when that speed is attained and automobile moves with that constant speed. If you want to delay the system, it is enough to push that button again.

           In this system, wheel is forced by calipers and stopping is provided. Disc brakes perform more actively than drum brakes in wet and hot weather conditions.

           Electronic Brakeforce Distribution applies needed pressure to wheels during instant stopping depending on road conditions, speed and loading. This works mostly together with ABS, decreases stopping distance and provides more effective working of ABS.

           It mainly works in combination with ABS and TCS systems. Sensor bound to the steering wheel controls the balance between turning degrees of steering and the direction automobile moves. If there is any unsuitability sometimes, ESP intervenes and firstly, reduces the power going to the wheels.

           Turbo is the air cooling system used in engines. In Turbo system air is heated when it is pressed. Thus, molecule volumes become large and air occupies more space. This results in less injection of air. Less amount of air reduces the combustion. System sends to cylinder more air by cooling air. Its working principle is like the radiator in engine cooling system, but here instead of water air is cooled.

           Rear spoiler reduces speed of air flow and increases pressure by controlling air flow over automobile. Increasing pressure reduces air resistance, minimizes power loss by bringing extra pushing force to automobile.

           Front spoiler changes the direction of the wind, sends it up and as a result, prevents high pressure under the front of the automobile. If there is high pressure under the front then automobile may flow off ground under the high speed.

           Supercharger is an air compressor. It is designed to force air under pressure into combustion cylinders. It boosts the combustion, thus the power of the engine.

           Normal engines are called atmospheric engines. Engine sucks air with the aid of cylinder and cylinder sucks as much air as it can; to provide combustion it sucks oxygen. In atmospheric engines amount of unburned fuel rejected out is more than in turbo. Aim of the Turbo system is to send more oxygen to the engine. Turbine placed at the exit of exhaust gas rotates with effect of gas outflow and the power gained here is used to press air on the other side. Compressor compresses air and sends to cylinders more air than atmospheric engines. Consequently, most of the fuel sent with more oxygen is burnt and this causes less gas emission outflow and more power.

           All the rain sensors work with the same principle. These sensors send rays after the light. Sensors detect the effect of rain droplets on these rays. In a lot of systems these rays are infrared rays. Rain droplets reduce these rays, feeling this reduction sensor begins to work and activates windscreen wipers.